M-Swasth: Expanding diagnostic access through hybrid primary care in rural India

Large segments of rural and semi-urban India continue to face limited access to timely diagnostics and preventive healthcare. Patients often delay seeking care due to long travel distances, extended waiting times, and high out-of-pocket costs. As a result, treatable conditions such as anaemia and other chronic diseases frequently go undiagnosed or unmanaged.  

Primary care facilities in underserved areas may lack structured screening protocols, integrated teleconsultation pathways, and digital systems that enable continuity of care. These gaps increase health risks and financial vulnerability among low- and lower-middle-income households.

M-Swasth delivers affordable primary healthcare to underserved rural and semi-urban populations through a hybrid “brick-and-click” model.  

Its network of nurse-led clinics is supported by telemedicine consultations with qualified in-house doctors and pharmacists, ensuring access to medical expertise even in regions with limited physician availability. Patient data is captured and managed through a digital EMR system, enabling continuity of care, structured follow-up, and remote clinical oversight.  

The organization owns and operates a network of clinics, strengthening its capacity through digital tools, standardized clinical protocols, training, and centralized tele-support. By combining physical access points with digital infrastructure, M-Swasth aims to make essential diagnostics and primary care services more accessible and affordable. 

This project aims to expand access to anaemia diagnostics and structured treatment pathways across 300 partner clinics, while also generating evidence for a scalable hybrid diagnostic delivery model.  

The project specifically targets:  

• 60% of screened patients receiving their first-ever anaemia diagnostic test  

• 70% of diagnosed patients initiating appropriate treatment  

• 50% of treated patients showing measurable improvement in hemoglobin levels  

By increasing early diagnosis and treatment initiation, the project is expected to reduce delays in care-seeking and prevent complications associated with untreated anaemia, particularly among women and vulnerable populations.  

Over time, the model is intended to demonstrate how integrating point-of-care diagnostics into digitally enabled primary care networks can improve clinical outcomes while remaining operationally scalable.  

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